"El activismo internacional de ciudades y regiones experimenta en las últimas décadea un crecimiento ciertamente importante: tanto en intensidad como en alcance geográfico, hasta el punto de que el fenóneno - que a finales de los años setenta del siglo pasado se limitaba a las ciudades, regiones y entidades federadas occidentales - e extiende hoy a todos los continente."--Back cover

The international activism of cities and regions has experienced an important growth in recent decades: both in intensity and in geographical scope, to the point that the phenomenon - which in the late seventies of the last century was limited to cities, regions and western federated entities - and extends today to all the continents.

Paradiplomacy is international relations conducted by subnational or regional governments on their own, with a view to promoting their own interests. With globalisation, non-state regions play an increasingly influential international role