An edition of Making 20th century science
(2015)
Making 20th century science
how theories became knowledge
by Stephen G. Brush
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Subjects
Science, Methodology, History, Science, methodology, Science, historyTimes
20th century, 19th century| Edition | Availability |
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Making 20th Century Science: How Theories Became Knowledge
2015, Oxford University Press, Incorporated
in English
0199978514 9780199978519
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Making 20th century science: how theories became knowledge
2015, Oxford University Press
in English
0199978158 9780199978151
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Making 20th Century Science: How Theories Became Knowledge
2015, Oxford University Press, Incorporated
in English
1322964904 9781322964904
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Book Details
Table of Contents
Machine generated contents note: -- 1.
Who Needs the Scientific Method? -- -- 1.1.
The Rings of Uranus -- -- 1.2.
Maxwell and Popper -- -- 1.3.
What is a Prediction? A Mercurial Definition -- -- 1.4.
Hierarchy and Demarcation -- -- 1.5.
What's Wrong with Quantum Mechanics? -- -- 1.6.
Was Chemistry More Scientific than Physics (1865-1980)? Mendeleev's Periodic Law -- -- 1.7.
Scientific Chemists: Benzene and Molecular Orbitals -- -- 1.8.
The Unscientific (But Very Successful) Method of Dirac and Einstein: Can We Trust Experiments to Test Theories? -- -- 1.9.
Why was Bibhas De's paper rejected by Icarus? -- -- 1.10.
The Plurality of Scientific Methods -- -- 2.
Reception Studies by Historians of Science -- -- 2.1.
What is Reception? -- -- 2.2.
The Copernican Heliocentric System -- -- 2.3.
Newton's Universal Gravity -- -- 2.4.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection -- -- 2.5.
Bohr Model of the Atom -- -- 2.6.
Conclusions and Generalizations
3.
Prediction-Testing in the Evaluation of Theories: A Controversy in the Philosophy of Science -- -- 3.1.
Introduction -- -- 3.2.
Novelty in the Philosophy of Science -- -- 3.3.
What is a Prediction? (Revisited) -- -- 3.4.
Does Novelty Make a Difference? -- -- 3.5.
Evidence from Case Histories -- -- 3.6.
Are Theorists Less Trustworthy Than Observers? -- -- 3.7.
The Fallacy of Falsifiability: Even the Supreme Court Was Fooled -- -- 3.8.
Conclusions -- -- 4.
The Rise and Fall of Social Constructionism 1975-2000 -- -- 4.1.
The Problem of Defining Science and Technology Studies -- -- 4.2.
The Rise of Social Constructionism -- -- 4.3.
The Fall of Social Constructionism -- -- 4.4.
Postmortem -- -- 4.5.
Consequences for Science Studies -- -- 5.
Mendeleev's Periodic Law -- -- 5.1.
Mendeleev and the Periodic Law -- -- 5.2.
Novel Predictions -- -- 5.3.
Mendeleev's Predictions -- -- 5.4.
Reception By Whom? -- -- 5.5.
Tests of Mendeleev's Predictions -- -- 5.6.
Before the Discovery of Gallium -- -- 5.7.
The Impact of Gallium and Scandium
5.8.
The Limited Value of Novel Predictions -- -- 5.9.
Implications of the Law -- -- 5.10.
Conclusions -- -- 6.
The Benzene Problem 1865-1930 -- -- 6.1.
Kekulé's Theory -- -- 6.2.
The First Tests of Kekulé's Theory -- -- 6.3.
Alternative Hypotheses -- -- 6.4.
Reception of Benzene Theories 1866-1880 -- -- 6.5.
New Experiments, New Theories 1881-1900 -- -- 6.6.
The Failure of Aromatic Empiricism 1901-1930 -- -- 7.
The Light Quantum Hypothesis -- -- 7.1.
Black-Body Radiation -- -- 7.2.
Planck's Theory -- -- 7.3.
Formulation of the Light-Quantum Hypothesis -- -- 7.4.
The Wave Theory of Light -- -- 7.5.
Einstein's Heuristic Viewpoint -- -- 7.6.
What Did Millikan Prove? -- -- 7.7.
The Compton Effect -- -- 7.8.
Reception of Neo-Newtonian Optics before 1923 -- -- 7.9.
The Impact of Compton's Discovery -- -- 7.10.
Rupp's Fraudulent Experiments -- -- 7.11.
Conclusions -- -- 8.
Quantum Mechanics -- -- 8.1.
The Bohr Model -- -- 8.2.
The Wave Nature of Matter -- -- 8.3.
Schrodinger's Wave Mechanics -- -- 8.4.
The Exclusion Principle, Spin, and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
8.5.
Bose-Einstein Statistics -- -- 8.6.
Fermi-Dirac Statistics -- -- 8.7.
Initial Reception of Quantum Mechanics -- -- 8.8.
The Community Is Converted -- -- 8.9.
Novel Predictions of Quantum Mechanics -- -- 8.10.
The Helium Atom -- -- 8.11.
Reasons for Accepting Quantum Mechanics After 1928 -- -- 9.
New Particles -- -- 9.1.
Dirac's Prediction and Anderson's Discovery of the Positron -- -- 9.2.
The Reception of Dirac's Theory -- -- 9.3.
The Transformation of Dirac's Theory -- -- 9.4.
Yukawa's Theory of Nuclear Forces -- -- 9.5.
Discovery of the Muon and Reception of Yukawa's Theory -- -- 9.6.
The Transformation of the Yukon -- -- 9.7.
Conclusions -- -- 10.
Benzene and Molecular Orbitals 1931-1980 -- -- 10.1.
Resonance, Mesomerism, and the Mule 1931-1945 -- -- 10.2.
Reception of Quantum Theories of Benzene 1932-1940 -- -- 10.3.
Chemical Proof of Kekulé's Theory -- -- 10.4.
Antiresonance and the Rhinoceros -- -- 10.5.
The Shift to Molecular Orbitals After 1950 -- -- 10.6.
Aromaticity -- -- 10.7.
The Revival of Predictive Chemistry -- -- 10.8.
Reception of Molecular Orbital Theory By Organic Chemists
10.9.
Adoption of MO in Textbooks -- -- 10.10.
A 1996 Survey -- -- 10.11.
Conclusions -- -- 11.
Relativity -- -- 11.1.
The Special Theory of Relativity -- -- 11.2.
General Theory of Relativity -- -- 11.3.
Empirical Predictions and Explanations -- -- 11.4.
Social-Psychological Factors -- -- 11.5.
Aesthetic-Mathematical Factors -- -- 11.6.
Early Reception of Relativity -- -- 11.7.
Do Scientists Give Extra Credit for Novelty? The Case of Gravitational Light-Bending -- -- 11.8.
Are Theorists Less Trustworthy Than Observers? -- -- 11.9.
Mathematical-Aesthetic Reasons for Accepting Relativity -- -- 11.10.
Social-Psychological Reasons for Accepting Relativity -- -- 11.11.
A Statistical Summary of Comparative Reception -- -- 11.12.
Conclusions -- -- 12.
Big Bang Cosmology -- -- 12.1.
The Expanding Universe Is Proposed -- -- 12.2.
The Age of the Earth -- -- 12.3.
The Context for the Debate: Four New Sciences and One Shared Memory -- -- 12.4.
Cosmology Constrained by Terrestrial Time -- -- 12.5.
Hubble Doubts the Expanding Universe -- -- 12.6.
A Radical Solution: Steady-State Cosmology
12.7.
Astronomy Blinks: Slowing the Expansion -- -- 12.8.
Lemaitre's Primeval Atom and Gamow's Big Bang -- -- 12.9.
Arguments for Steady-State Weaken -- -- 12.10.
The Temperature of Space -- -- 12.11.
Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background -- -- 12.12.
Impact of the Discovery on Cosmologists -- -- 12.13.
Credit for the Prediction -- -- 12.14.
Conclusions -- -- 13.
Morgan's Chromosome Theory -- -- 13.1.
Introduction -- -- 13.2.
Is Biology Like Hypothetico-Deductive Physics? -- -- 13.3.
Precursors -- -- 13.4.
Morgan's Theory -- -- 13.5.
The Problem of Universality -- -- 13.6.
Morgan's Theory in Research Journals -- -- 13.7.
Important Early Supporters -- -- 13.8.
Bateson and the Morgan Theory in Great Britain -- -- 13.9.
The Problem of Universality Revisited -- -- 13.10.
Books and Review Articles on Genetics, Evolution, and Cytology -- -- 13.11.
Biology Textbooks -- -- 13.12.
Age Distribution of Supporters and Opponents -- -- 13.13.
Conclusions -- -- 14.
The Revival of Natural Selection 1930-1970 -- -- 14.1.
Introduction
14.2.
Fisher: A New Language for Evolutionary Research -- -- 14.3.
Wright: Random Genetic Drift, a Concept Out of Control -- -- 14.4.
Haldane: A Mathematical-Philosophical Biologist Weighs In -- -- 14.5.
Early Reception of the Theory -- -- 14.6.
Dobzhansky: The Faraday of Biology? -- -- 14.7.
Evidence for Natural Selection, Before 1941 -- -- 14.8.
Huxley: A New Synthesis Is Proclaimed -- -- 14.9.
Mayr: Systematics and the Founder Principle -- -- 14.10.
Simpson: No Straight and Narrow Path for Paleontology -- -- 14.11.
Stebbins: Plants Are Also Selected -- -- 14.12.
Chromosome Inversions in Drosophila -- -- 14.13.
Ford: Unlucky Blood Groups -- -- 14.14.
Resistance to Antibiotics -- -- 14.15.
Two Great Debates: Snails and Tiger Moths -- -- 14.16.
Selection and/or Drift? The Changing Views of Dobzhansky and Wright -- -- 14.17.
The Views of Other Founders and Leaders -- -- 14.18.
The Peppered Moth -- -- 14.19.
The Triumph of Natural Selection? -- -- 14.20.
Results of a Survey of Biological Publications
14.21.
Is Evolutionary Theory Scientific? -- -- 14.22.
Context and Conclusions -- -- 15.
Which Works Faster: Prediction or Explanation? -- -- 15.1.
Comparison of Cases Presented in this Book -- -- 15.2.
From Princip to Principe -- -- 15.3.
Can Explanation Be Better Than Prediction? -- -- 15.4.
Special Theory of Relativity: Explaining "Nothing" -- -- 15.5.
The Old Quantum Theory: Many Things Are Predicted, But Few Are Explained -- -- 15.6.
Quantum Mechanics: Many Things are Explained, But Predictions Are Confirmed Too Late -- -- 15.7.
Millikan's Walk.
Edition Notes
Includes bibliographical references (pages 501-512) and index.
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| April 8, 2022 | Edited by ImportBot | import existing book |
| August 4, 2020 | Edited by ImportBot | import existing book |
| July 19, 2019 | Created by MARC Bot | import new book |